Attack methods

• Non-invasive attacks (low-cost)
  – observe or manipulate the device without physical harm to it
  – require only moderately sophisticated equipment and knowledge to implement
• Invasive attacks (expensive)
  – almost unlimited capabilities to extract information from chips and
  understand their functionality
  – normally require expensive equipment, knowledgeable attackers and time
• Semi-invasive attacks (affordable)
  – semiconductor chip is depackaged but the internal structure of it
• remains intact
  – fill the gap between non-invasive and invasive types, being both
  inexpensive and easily repeatable